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Radiolarian biogeography in surface sediments of the Northwest Pacific marginal seas

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Abstract

Overall abundance and species composition of radiolarian faunas were analyzed in surface sediment samples from representative areas of South China Sea, East China Sea, Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk, Bering Sea, Philippine Sea, and the western boundary current regions of the North Pacific, in order to understand the biogeographic distribution of radiolarians in the Northwest Pacific and explore its relationship with the main environmental factors and the North Pacific circulation. The results showed that radiolarians in the Northwest Pacific surface sediments can be divided into two large biogeographic provinces—cluster A and cluster B. Cluster A is characterized by the dominance of warm-water species and distributed primarily in tropical and subtropical seas with high radiolarian abundance and diversity; whereas cluster B is predominated by cold water species and distributed mainly in the Arctic and subarctic seas with comparably low abundance and diversity. Cluster A is further divided into five subclusters, A1 to A5, which correspond to East China Sea, Philippine Sea, South China Sea, Sea of Japan, and Kuroshio Current, respectively; cluster B is divided into three subclusters, B1 to B3, which correspond to Sea of Okhotsk, Bering Sea, and subarctic gyre area, respectively. Based on the relationships between radiolarian faunas and major environment parameters in different biogeographic provinces, we suggest that the sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS) are primary factors that influence productivity, composition, and distribution pattern of the radiolarian fauna in the Northwest Pacific regions, while water depth is likely responsible for regional differences in the radiolarian fauna in each marginal sea. In addition, according to the distribution and abundance patterns of common radiolarian species in different areas, we identified five special radiolarian assemblages, which may be used as indicators for main Kuroshio Current, Kuroshio-East China Sea Branch, Kuroshio-South China Sea Branch, Tsushima Current, and Oyashio Current water masses.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to professor XueFa Shi, professor RuJian Wang, and professor TieGang Li for providing some samples. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41476037, 41606046 & 91228207), the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 2016A030310014), the Strategic Special Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA11030104), the National Key Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2013CB956102), and Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources, Ministry of Land and Resources (Grant No. KLMMR-2015-B-08).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China

    Ling Liu, Qiang Zhang, MuHong Chen, LanLan Zhang & Rong Xiang

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China

    Ling Liu & Qiang Zhang

  3. Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources, Ministry of Land and Resources, Guangzhou, 510075, China

    Qiang Zhang

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  1. Ling Liu
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Correspondence to Qiang Zhang.

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Liu, L., Zhang, Q., Chen, M. et al. Radiolarian biogeography in surface sediments of the Northwest Pacific marginal seas. Sci. China Earth Sci. 60, 517–530 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-016-5179-4

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